sock5 proxies. ”. sock5 proxies

 
”sock5 proxies 5 million IP addresses

Best SOCKS5 Proxies in 2023. Proprietary clean dedicated residential socks5 proxies offered from dedicated proxy servers, fast and stable, regularly updated. Here are some NordVPN features that make using it with SOCKS5 excellent:. An updated list for each proxy type will be sent (HTTP, HTTPS, Socks4 ans Socks5) If you need Free Socks5 Proxy Servers, then this is the place to be. For a SOCKS5 proxy hosted at 232. Here are the steps to fire up the PuTTY SOCKS proxy over an SSH server: Launch PuTTY. This is a strength and also the Achilles heel of SOCKS proxies. Best deal!SOCKS5 proxy is a modern and still the most widely used proxy in recent years. It provides proxy operators various ways to authenticate users, thus giving them greater control over who uses the server. They have some of the best residential proxies that are in this industry, and they have bonus features that include rotation in-house, as well as sessions control. SOCKS 5 Proxies is the version 5 and the latest version of the SOCKS protocol, unlike SOCKS4, SOCKS5 proxies incorporates support for TCP and UDP communications, includes support for authentication from the client to the proxy server and support IPv6 and DNS resolving by default. Instant ActivationProxy policy. Socks5 proxies can be used to mask a user’s IP address and maintain anonymity while online. Windscribe. Support:. Hiện nay, SOCKS5 là phiên bản mới nhất và hiện đại nhất của giao thức SOCKS (2021). Every proxy from this list are auto updated, all proxy servers has a full information about proxy location, proxy port and proxy speed. Click the Advanced button to access the Network settings and navigate to the Proxies tab. You can use a SOCKS5 proxy to access video streaming services, file-sharing sites, or online games. Need a SOCKS5 proxy? In this video we will show you a step-by-step SOCKS5 proxy setup. ”. Before you can even use SOCKS proxies on your browser, first you must get it from a proxy listing service. Third you need to get your proxy credentials from the right sidebar. 99. Click the SOCKS Proxy checkbox and enter the host and port information. 1 in the SOCKS Host field, 8080 in the Port field, and validate. Starting at $0. The third and final provider offering residential SOCKS5 proxies on this list is Proxyrack. They can be used to cache or filter content and collect data via browsers. Turbocharge your market research and stay on top of the latest trends. 0:* LISTEN. Functionality: SOCKS proxies do not directly use the HTTP protocol. This tool allows you to filter proxies by country, protocol and anonymity level. SOCKS5 (or SOCKet Secure version 5) essentially acts like a mediator between you (the source) and the destination server (website or application). Free proxies are not safe to use! (unless with caution) Read more. Average 99. txt) or can be directly accessed via our proxy API. This means faster speeds as encryption slows down the speed. You can also use country-specific entries. We have proxies available from over 100 countries. Site | NPM Module | GitHub Repo. Choose SSH in the connection type section. Free proxy server available. SOCKS5 proxy. com is a professional SOCKS4 and SOCKS5 proxy service. However, SOCKS5 proxies are a much better option for torrenting than HTTP proxies. Webshare – flexible plans and complete self-service. ProxyEmpire’s platform is designed to be accessible and easy to use, making the user experience even better. This risk is somewhat mitigated by the use of layer 5+ encryption e. Ace Proxies is the right place to get your premium private proxies and Socks5 proxies with the best customer support team. We featured 6 SOCKS5 proxy providers in our research, along with their key features and pricing details. SOCKS is an Internet protocol that exchanges network packets between a client and server through a proxy server. Third you need to get your proxy credentials from the right sidebar. 4 + Cities. It provides a secure and efficient way to route network traffic through an intermediary server. SOCKS5 Proxies - Proxy Software products make our network more secure. After successful login, you can. Experience Blazing Fast Speeds with our Dedicated Proxy Free Trial. Surfshark: Affordable VPN with unlimited device connections and SOCKS5 proxies. 🦄 Features. Code Issues. The best value SOCKS5 proxies. Access to our homepage and request an email. It operates in much the same way as SOCKS5 in that it can act like a traditional server and provide proxy services. SOCKS5 proxies connect to the internet utilizing a process known as tunneling. Unlike HTTP proxies, which only support TCP traffic, Socks5 proxies can handle UDP-based applications, such as online gaming or VoIP services. This provider has proxies in both mobile and residential proxy categories — the two pools combined, Soax has a proxy pool with 8. shell bash proxy socks socks5 socks-proxy shell-script proxy-list hacktoberfest socks5-proxy proxy-checker proxy-scraper proxy-scrape Updated Aug 18, 2023; Shell; himalay / vpn-proxy Star 6. Step 2. Mobile. If you want to access a geo-restricted service for leads or other information on products, services of your competitors, you will be amazed at the quality and speed of scraping attainable with Socks5 proxies. Download American free proxy list txt csv json, updated daily, tested and sorted by country and anonymity level. Country and city level targeting. Versatility is one of the major differences between SOCKS and HTTP proxies. SOCKS5 proxies work by establishing a TCP connection between the user’s device and the SOCKS5 proxy server. Best SOCKS5 Proxies in 2023 Oxylabs – Winner! Bright Data ProxyEmpire IPRoyal Private Proxy Proxy Seller The Social Proxy Blazing SEO Proxies 1. Select an application that you need to configure SOCKS5 proxy for. . However, SOCK5 guarantees security by incorporating an SSH encrypted tunneling mechanism. Now, it supports chain-style proxies,nat. It is not full our. That means nobody can track what you are actually receiving or sending data. Now that you have all your data you need we will start setting the SOCKS5. Multiple payment methods. The server is both high performance and low latency, with maximum throughput thought through. 1:8888 0. Oxylabs is top of our list and is considered the best proxy service in the industry. Go to “System Preferences” > “Network” > “Advanced” > “Proxies. but those answers are not working when you try to clone/push/pull etc. Intelligent text scanning algorithms will find all proxies within any submitted data format and results can be easily viewed. 74727. Shadowsocks is a free open-source SOCKS5 proxy widely used to protect privacy on the Internet. This list's order is preserved and the first authentication method to match that of the client's list "wins. Rotating Pro (8018 IP) Rotating Open (475 IP) Http List (497 IP) Socks List (536 IP) 13x Faster VPN (109 IP) Compare Them ; Free Proxy. You can Also Use My Tool SOCKER To check for working SOCKS PROXY. 1. Socks5 proxies of Bright data are highly customizable and easily scalable. Or, choose SOCKS5 Proxy, click Configure, and set the SOCKS5 proxy details. Learn how to Setup a Socks5 Proxy in Windows 10/11?This video will show you how to do it! Check articles with full guides:ProxySpecialist. Socks5 Configurator is a very simple tool, can help you set socks5 proxy and bypass domain browser. Our elite Socks5 proxies and dedicated proxies are second to none when it comes to meeting the needs of our customers. HTTPs, Socks5 proxy. 0. The IP address that your data is wearing is from the. The Russian company offers both SOCK5 and HTTPS protocol proxies; however, they are set apart because they also provide IPv6 proxies that are considerably cheaper. A large choice of countries and US states. Lastly, tap “Check” icon on the top-right corner of your screen to save your setup. Proxy check (if a database sees the IP as a proxy) Connection status and speed; If you have any feedback or feature requests, get in touch. That takes care of the connections initiated by my qBittorrent client on my Windows. Part 3 - SOCKS Proxies (this part) So far the series has covered HTTP and HTTPS proxies; this part is a brief discussion of SOCKS - an old and venerable proxy protocol designed to relay any. Ace Proxies offers fresh and virgin private proxies that act as an intermediate between you and the websites you want to access, masking your ISP address effectively and securely. With all of these protocols the client sends the first message and these messages differ significantly between socks4, socks5 and connect. How Does SOCKS Proxy work? The SOCKS proxy is an intermediate node or relay that filters and directs the traffic further. Like any other proxy server, it acts as a middleman between you and the internet and has additional privacy and speed-related benefits. +50. A window with the system settings will open. Highly Effective Stable and Anonymous Yilu Socks5 transfer protocal, utilizing international servers in static and stable mode proxies, ensure uptime availability >= 99. This confusion can lead you to a false sense of security. Proprietary clean dedicated residential socks5 proxies offered from dedicated proxy servers, fast and stable, regularly updated. useAuth (< function >authHandler) - Server - Appends the authHandler to a list of authentication methods to allow for clients. Socks5 Configurator is a very simple tool, can help you set socks5 proxy and bypass domain browser. Scroll down to the bottom of the page (chrome://settings) and click on Advanced. 3. 143:8080 Canada elite 5 min ago socks5 41. SOCKS 5 Proxies is the version 5 and the latest version of the SOCKS protocol, unlike SOCKS4, SOCKS5 proxies incorporates support for TCP and UDP. Between the VPN client (application) and the proxy (VPN) server, a VPN establishes a safe encrypted tunnel. NordVPN is one of the few VPNs that still offers SOCKS5 proxy servers. Mac Configuration proxy Android Configuration proxy iOS Configuration proxy. Open qBittorrent. Go to the options menu top right, next to the Address Bar. Alternatively, press Alt + O on your keyboard. com port 1080 when using the PIA app. 333. 1 255. You can buy it again from history or the main list. Unlike HTTP/S proxies, SOCKS5 doesn’t inspect or alter the data. io is a fantastic web proxy service. An SSH tunnel ensures data privacy by restricting the proxy to read the data passed between the server and client. The data passing through the Shadowsocks-server and Shadowsocks-client is encrypted and can. 在 Proxy-Seller,您可以访问超过 52 个国家/地区的代理,包括美国、加拿大、俄罗斯、德国、法国、荷兰、英国、哈萨克斯坦等。 提供多种连接协议。 您可以选择私人 Socks5 或 HTTP(s)代理,这些代理可确保顶级匿名性,并在整个租用期间专属于您。The SOCKS5 proxy server offered by NordVPN is an improved version of regular proxies. It is a fast, secure, and robust design that features new IPs. Coupon code: GX0tQNQx6Iow. SOCKS5 is the most recently optimized version of SOCKS, an internet protocol that funnels web traffic through a remote server. Unlike some of the other competitors,Proxyrack cannot offer millions and trillions of proxies. The company started off as a one-man show back in 2014 and has been growing, showing no signs of stopping. ② Enter the IP as the local proxy address when using it. How to Set Up and Use SOCKS5 Proxy for Free. They use 3G/4G/LTE mobile proxies to keep you secure online and protect you from breaches. Alternatively, you can run the SOCKS proxy locally on your machine, which greatly limits opportunities for interception, and have it relay the traffic (through a secure tunnel) to another server. Thousands of Socks5/4 proxies for SEO or traffic tools Our socks proxy list service supports all systems, including Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, and iOS. Cost: Starts from $99 monthly for 8GB. For Cisco AnyConnect, Juniper SSL VPN and some other proprietary protocols there is OpenConnect with ocproxy / tunsocks support, which expose VPN as a SOCKS/HTTP proxy. SOCKS proxies are typically classified as either SOCKSv4 (SOCKS4) or SOCKSv5 (SOCKS5) servers. SOCKS4 remains the most common version of SOCKS used by proxy servers, but SOCKS5 is the latest version. Click on Add own IP and your IP. We have Residential, Dedicated, Shared Proxy and SOCKS5 from the following countries (you can choose your country, state and city) United States. Proxy location. It doesn’t try to understand the data; it just sends and receives. 255. Choose Manual Proxy Configuration, and set the SOCKS Host (and only this one, make sure the other fields, such as HTTP Proxy or SSL Proxy are left empty). One good source of SOCKS proxy is This is how you can find alive SOCKS proxies. Pros and Cons of SOCKs5 proxies Pros of SOCKs5 proxies. ResidentialSocks5 proxies do a perfect job of hiding your IP during lengthy data scraping missions. Code Issues. Residential Static and rotating proxies, 4G mobile proxies, Private RDP Server. One way of authenticating the usage of the socks5 is to have a reverse proxy with basic auth forwarding traffic to it, but you won't be able to protect it against usage by other users that can see the port in the loopback device locally. Oxylabs Recommended Guide: Oxylabs Review. one. Want better & faster proxies? go premium! HTTP Proxies Last updated: Around 39 seconds ago 878 proxies Timeout: 10000ms Country: all. A SOCKS5 proxy is an alternative technology to a VPN that allows you to spoof your location online. 0. 255. Various protocol formats are tested - HTTP (S), Socks, IPv4, and IPv6. 0. The homepage brings up a table of all of the free proxies that have been found. It routes network traffic or data packets (messages) on behalf of a client. One way to access that web service is to configure FoxyProxy to route through our socks5 proxy on localhost:1080. Here are the list of the 7 best Socks5 proxies’ providers based on their pricing, free trial, global coverage, etc. It conceals your IP address and safeguards all data in transit. I’m quite sure Google will reject requests with empty headers. Make sure you are under the Advanced tab. Fast private proxy. freeproxylists. Bleeding edge techniques using Asynchronous I/O and Event-driven programming. Oxylabs. 150:50000 Canada transparent 1 min ago socks5 181. ReferencesAuto-updated SOCKS5 proxy list + proxies for Telegram - GitHub - hookzof/socks5_list: Auto-updated SOCKS5 proxy list + proxies for TelegramFetch, filter, and test SOCKS5 proxies from multiple sources for a reliable and accurate proxy lists. 1. 13. Get free and public proxies with our easy-to-use online generator. Scraping Large Datasets. You should get a statement similar to this: (There is a proxy set on localhost:8888 ). 1. 1: When choosing a Socks5 proxy. 3. Premium Stats API Free Proxy List. Track your social media performance in real time. 255. var proxy = new WebProxy { Address = new Uri ("socks5://localhost:8080") }; //proxy. Data Collection. These proxies are designed to unblock websites, turn pages into structured data, and extract the information users need. Ace Proxies offers fresh and virgin private proxies that act as an intermediate between you and the websites you want to access, masking your ISP address effectively and securely. Undetectable. AL. SOCKS5, the latest version of the SOCKS protocol, stands for "SOCKet Secure" and offers an additional layer of security. Socks 5: Includes all the features of version 4. You should get a statement similar to this: (There is a proxy set on localhost:8888 ). When HTTP proxies are not enough – you need real-time network communication and proper delivery speed – SOCKS5 is the way to go. For example, if you’re an individual that wants to transfer data in real-time for streaming. In the proxy type section, select SOCKS5. Generate proxies. When using a SOCKS5 proxy, an attacker with access to the entry server could see your unencrypted traffic after it has been decrypted by the OpenVPN tunnel, and before encrypting for the WireGuard mesh. SOCKS Proxy use the only secure connection between the client and the proxy server. SOCKS5 optionally provides authentication so only authorized users may access a server. Residential Proxies: Stay 100% anonymous and use only real IP addresses provided by real Internet service providers from all over the world (excluding State of Texas, USA). 1. We work 24/7 so that your work is not interrupted. For example, if you’re an individual that wants to transfer data in real-time for streaming websites or optimizing gameplay, then a SOCKS5 proxy is great for you. Starting at. Ideally, these application layer protocols require that a different proxy server be set up before data can be shared. You may greatly enhance the safety of a SOCKS5 proxy by combining a private SOCKS5 with an SSH encrypted connection. Not only your. Both a VPN and a SOCKS5 proxy guard your privacy in different ways. Like many of the other sites in this post, you can sort the table by country, port number, uptime, and other parameters. Refine your pricing strategies. However, for anything more advanced, like most streaming services or TikTok, you’re much better off using a VPN. The SOCKS5 proxy server used by the malware is based on the open-source sSOCKS proxy implementation. 2. At proxy-sale. This tool allows you to filter proxies by country, protocol and anonymity level. Smartproxy. Click on Session in the sidebar menu. The first thing you need to do is to get your SOCKS5 IP you want to use and your proxy credentials. First Look 1. We provide residential Socks5 proxy IPs. mullvad. 39/proxy. These proxies are designed to unblock websites, turn pages into structured data, and extract the information users need. That means nobody can track what you are actually receiving or sending data. For a service that exclusively deals in SOCKS5 protocol, this is the best out there available on the internet because it has over 8 million IPS available in its pool. Buy Proxies SOCKS5 and VPNs. In addition, it increases the overall performance of these proxies. SOCKS5 additionally provides authentication so only authorized users may access the server. 2. Next, let’s talk about how to choose a Socks5 proxy service provider and the benefits of using socks5 proxy in Pias5proxy. Fewer errors and improved overall performance. Unmetered Residential Proxies - SOCKS, HTTP & UDP Protocols - 7 Day Trial Available - 24/7 Support - Instant Setup - 5m+ IPsSOCKS proxies do not have standard tunnel encryption. 55/GB. Windows Configuration proxy. ip. After you buy socks, you can use them for 24 hours. txt) or can be directly accessed via our proxy API. 414 listening at port 8080, run the following. Both SOCKS5 and HTTP/S proxies serve as intermediaries between your device and the web, making your activities harder to trace. . In the Port field, type the port. io is a fantastic web proxy service that provides users with an easy, reliable, and secure way to browse the internet. Enter your SOCKS5 proxy IP and port in the “SOCKS Proxy Server field. 922 S5. 1. Oxylabs. The Best Value Residential Proxy Service Provider. Buy cheap prices dedicated residential proxy, proxy and socks5 starting from just $1. Socks5 proxies of Bright data are highly customizable and easily scalable. It uses the SOCKS protocol to manage requests between a client and a server. ConnectionError: SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool(host='myhost', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /my/path (Caused by. Our servers are optimized for performance and powered by 1Gb/s network. Cloudrouter. 3 NordVPN – Best VPN with SOCKS5 Proxy. Mozilla Firefox can use the same proxy settings as your operating system, but you can also configure proxies separately. 99%, random ip is changeable at anytime. 7 for 1GB. Anonymously Access Data, 100% Compatibility IP Balance Never Expires Invalid IP Returns Unlimited Bandwidth Enterprise Plan Cheapest $0. 911 VPN SOCKS5 protocol provides a residential proxy network. You can use our. • 1 mo. Free Socks5 Proxy List IP Address : PORT Country Anonymity Last Checked Protocol 190. Proxifier Configuration proxy. All United States/US IP Proxy List in TXT, JSON & XML is available for. SOCKS5 proxies work like other proxies. Smartproxy offers sequential and non-sequential SOCKS5 IP addresses for individuals and businesses. Our proxies feature dedicated IPs assigned exclusively to one user, mandatory authentication via either username/password or IP. Always fresh and working. Select “Use Proxy” and then select. Let’s check out an in-depth analysis of the best SOCKS5 proxy below. SOCKS, short for Socket Secure, is an internet protocol used to link users to servers via a proxy. 0. SOCKS5 Proxy list for country All countries (all) Facebook. A SOCKS server connects through TCP to a willful IP address and provides values to forward UDP packets. These providers have been carefully selected based on their performance, reliability, capabilities, and customer satisfaction. Socks5 is a Socks5 proxy server/client written in C#. . SOCKS5 proxy servers list. What is SOCKS5? The SOCKS5 is a more advanced and secure version of the SOCKS protocol. Choose between our plans based on what you need. The Social Proxy. Press the big power button to connect to a VPN server. Refine your pricing strategies. This proxy type offers an extra layer of anonymity and security, characteristic of NetNut proxies. What kind of SOCKS proxy are you using? Does it require authentication? Are you able to test it any other way, and does it work when you test it? – Kenster. 🌎 Proxifly's Free Proxy List. g. Go to the Server Picker tool to select the one for your needs. To set a SOCKS proxy on Chrome, follow the steps described below: Open Google Chrome. IP resources are 100% available, no charge for invalid IPs. " GitHub is where people build software. Check SOCKS5 Proxy from the list on the left. Although there are several SOCKS versions, SOCKS5 is the latest and the most popular. We support most DC proxy applications out there at very affordable prices. After that, the proxy simply decrypts data from one connection, reencrypts and feeds it into the other. 6. It has a fast and reliable. MarsProxies – SOCKS5 Support for All Products. Fast Dedicated, Shared, Residential, PROXY and SOCKS5. oxylabs. 1. In this tutorial I will show you how to configure IOS devices to work with SOCKS5 proxies. Furthermore, Socks5 proxy servers can be configured to provide different levels of anonymity. 124. Proxies are online at the time of testing & updated every hour. They are unstable and die fast. He asked people where to provide this capability, not definition. By doing so, the user remains anonymous and can send requests as if they were from different. Buy Proxy . By purchasing private proxies from us service, you will receive IP addresses from a reliable proxy provider from around the worldOur SOCKS5 Proxy is available at: proxy-nl. The proxy protocol mode is configurable to either HTTP or SOCKS proxy from from the account's Control Panel in the member area upon. Our online proxy checker tests HTTP (S), SOCKS4, and SOCKS5 proxies anonymity and response time quickly by utilizing proprietary multi-threaded software to check even the largest proxy lists. To configure a SOCKS5 proxy on Chrome, take the following steps: Access settings on the dropdown menu in the upper right corner. 911 S5 proxy is a residential proxy network that sends requests via residential IPs. This tool can serve proxies using various protocols and tunnel traffic through. HTTPs & SOCKS5. SOCKS Proxy. Black ones XBL are marked and sold with 50% discount. 4. Datacenter. 0. NordVPN Editor's Choice | November 2023. HTTP/ SOCKS5. example. ProxiFyre: SOCKS5 Proxifier for Windows. SOCKS5 proxies have emerged as an important solution for ensuring anonymity and efficient data transfer. proxy. I will be making five (5) recommendations each from the datacenter and residential proxy categories. Datacenter proxies cost $1. Our proxy backend with over nine proxy checkers and three proxy scrapes updates the proxies every second to make sure you get the best United States free proxy list. Best of the Best: Oxylabs. In this guide, we will go over what a proxy is, what a. Once the connection is established, the user’s device sends traffic to the SOCKS5 proxy server, which then forwards the traffic. Proxy costs the highest at $81/month. ProxyEmpire’s platform is designed to be accessible and easy to use, making the user experience even better. Select Connection. 0. Vast Global Proxy Pool for Convenient Access to Public Data Avail is one of the market’s most trusted and massive proxy services, offering more than 25,75,00,000 IPs, extending across more than 170 countries globally. SOCKS proxies do not change the headers of data packets unlike other types of proxies and SOCKS protocol is binary, making it a slight edge against HTTP protocol, which is text-based, making SOCKS proxies faster in data handling. Try it now! Get support. We support four types of products to meet customers' needs respectively. This makes the latest version more secure and flexible. Yes, you can get a SOCKS5 proxy for free. Highly Effective Stable and Anonymous Yilu Socks5 transfer protocal, utilizing international servers in static and stable mode proxies, ensure uptime availability >= 99. 1. SOCKS5 proxy provider. It’s 5th gen – the latest and a better-faster-stronger SOCKS than ever before. Another tool that can be used for this conversion is gost. プロキシサーバーは、お使いのデバイスとインターネットとの中継とし. PIA offers different forms of VPN encryption, including the OpenVPN and WireGuard protocols. " GitHub is where people build software. x branch). 1. With SOCKS it is possible to handle any type of traffic (TCP or UDP) generated by any application through a. As a result, there are several types of SOCKS proxies, namely SOCKS4 proxies and SOCKS5 proxies, with the latter offering superior capabilities. com) by entering the command into the command prompt (PC). There are several versions of the same, but. 79, and users can choose from IPS located in countries like the USA, Europe, Russia, Ukraine, India, and many more. Want to learn more? Check out our SOCKS5 Proxies. Overcome internet limitations. With SOCKS it is possible to handle any type of traffic (TCP or UDP) generated by any application through a. 216. IPRoyal SOCKS5 Plan: Residential proxy costs $1. Private Ipv4 proxies. Proxy-List. Make sure you are under the Advanced tab. Products. 99% success rate. A SOCKS proxy is a versatile and fast proxy of layer 5 of the OSI model, useful for multiple types of traffic. Fastest SOCKS5 Proxy. A SOCKS5 proxy allows you to reroute the traffic from a specific client through a remote server before it reaches its destination. They only change your IP address. A SOCKS server is a proxy server that works for any type of network protocol on any port and establishes a connection to a server on behalf of a user, then routes traffic between the user and the server. During this process SOCKS5 proxy replaces the IP of the source with its own IP and forwards the requests to the destination using its. Randomized proxies will rotate with every request but you can also choose sticky sessions (you will have the same IP for a longer random period – up to 1 hour). Under the “Proxy Server” section, pick “SOCKS5” in the “Type” field. In case someone has tried all of these older answers, and is still running into problems like: requests. It operates in much the same way as SOCKS5 in that it can act like a traditional server and provide proxy services. About. Check the box next to SOCKS Proxy from the list and new fields will reveal on. Your proxy balance will never expire. " In the Settings page, scroll down and click on "Advanced. SOCKS5 support; Unlimited bandwidth; Dedicated IP address; Country and ISP level targeting; user:pass.